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Scientists okay local medicinal plants for treatment of Typhoid Fever

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TYPHOID FEVER

 

Many Nigerian medicinal plants are used locally for the treatment of typhoid fever by traditional medicine practitioners and herb sellers. Now, in a laboratory evaluation of the efficacy of six medicinal plants used to treat typhoid fever, experts say that water extract of mango leaf was the most effective.

The researchers had tested leaves of Momordica charantia and Ficus exasperata, and stem barks of Lannea egregia, Lophira alata, mango and Morinda lucida. They found that they have varied effectiveness against Salmonella typhi, the germ that is transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food or drinks, which causes typhoid fever.

For the study, different concentrations of the ethanol and water extracts of these medicinal plants were tested on Salmonella typhi in the laboratory. Their effect was compared with the standard antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin. It was in the University Of Lagos Journal Of Basic Medical Sciences.

All the plant extracts except the water extract of L. alata and ethanolic extract of M. charantia produced anti-salmonella activity. Among the six plants, the most effective in killing the typhoid fever germ was the water decoction of the bark of mango tree followed by that from Morinda lucida. The least was the water extract of M. charantia.

While other plant extracts were effective at concentrations of 12.5 to 50 mg/ml, both the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of L. egregia only inhibited the growth of Salmonella typhi at a concentration of 100 mg/ml and not effective at lower doses. This means that high doses of these plant extracts will be needed for the treatment of typhoid fever.

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Although, the aqueous extract of mango at concentration of 100 mg/ml exhibited the highest antisalmonella activity by producing the highest zone of inhibition among the six studied plants, this activity was less than those of the conventional anti-typhoid drugs, amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin.

Despite the availability of effective conventional medicines, many Nigerians believe in and prefer the use of herbal medicines for the treatment of their ailments. In Lagos State alone, about 80 different medicinal plants are used for the treatment of typhoid fever by traditional medicine practitioners and herb sellers.

Ficus exasperate, commonly called Sand paper tree (English), ‘Ewe Ipin´ (Yoruba), and ‘Anwerenwa´ (Igbo), is used for the treatment of ulcer, cough, hypertension, intestinal pains and epilepsy. Lannea egregia is known locally as ‘Fula-pulaar´ (Guinea), and ‘Ekudan´ (Yoruba). It is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of scurvy, rickets, cancer, anaemia, menorrhagia and after-birth excessive blood loss.

Lophira alata is known as iron wood (English) or ‘Ekki´ and ‘Ponhan´ (Yoruba). Its bark decoctions in traditional medicine are used for the treatment of malaria, pain, menstrual problems, hernia, stomach problems, kidney pain and toothache. Its leaves are used for wound healing, leprosy, respiratory disease, dysentery, yellow fever and insomnia.

Aside, the local use of mango for the treatment of typhoid fever,  it is used as a remedy for exhaustion and heat stroke (unripe mango fruit juice), as food (fruit), for blood disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, scurvy, night blindness caused by Vitamin A deficiency (ripe fruit) diabetes (leaves), and diarrhoea (seed).

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Momordica charantia, commonly called bitter melon, is known locally as ‘Ejinrin wewe´. The concoctions of root or leaf are used for boils and as a sedative, leaf as an analgesic, infusion of leaf and roots for induction of abortion and hastening of childbirth, fruit pulp as insect repellent and roots for diabetes.

Local names for Morinda lucida in Nigeria include ‘Oruwo´ or ‘Eze-Ogu´ or ‘Njisi´ (Igbo). Its local uses include the treatment of malaria, yellow fever, trypanosomiasis, diabetes, hypertension, dysentery, ulcers, leprosy and gonorrhoea, jaundice, ringworm and wound infections.

According to the study, the plant extracts possess anti-salmonella activities, justifying their traditional use in Nigeria for the treatment of typhoid fever and their chemical constituents probably serving as a lead for the production of new antityphoid drugs.

Meanwhile, an ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used for the treatment of typhoid fever in Kaduna metropolis, listed over 24 recipes based on self-structured questionnaires administered among herbalists and individuals representing the consumer population.

The recipes, according to the 2020 study in the International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology, included boiling pineapple, lemon grass, Citrus medica, sweet orange, mango and Vitex doniana (Black plum,  ‘Dinya’ (Hausa), ‘Oriri’ (Yoruba) or ‘Uchakoro’ (Igbo)  in water or water extract from fermented maize (omi ogi). A full cup is taken three times daily.

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Others are freshly extracted juices from the fruits of Citrus medica and pineapple that is be taken orally; a full tumbler of pawpaw and garlic that is cut into pieces and boiled in water for about an hour is taken twice daily; and half a tumbler of the concoction made by boiling Olax subscorpioidea (Ufon  (Yoruba); Gwaanon kurmii or Gwaanon raafii in (Hausa), Vitex doniana, ginger, garlic, and pineapple in water for two hours and is taken morning and night for seven days.

In addition, half a tumbler of bitter leaf squeezed in water and mixed with juices of the Citrus fruits is taken three times daily for seven days. Half a tumbler of pawpaw and mango that is boiled with water extract from fermented maize is taken twice daily.

The barks of Olax subscorpioidea and Albizia ferruginea (Ngu (Igbo) or Ayinre-ogo (Yoruba)), are soaked in water for two days and a half tumbler of the concoction taken once daily for 10 days. Albizia ferruginea, Daniellia oliveri (Iya (Yoruba), Ozabwa (Igbo) or Kadaura (Hausa)]  and pineapple is boiled using water or water extract from fermented maize for two hours and this is taken three times daily for seven days.

A cup of grind dried bark of mango tree is sieved and macerated with water is taken a cup twice a day. The leaves of pawpaw and guava are boiled together and taken twice a day. The patient also baths with it.

 

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NDLEA arrests South African woman with drug shipments, seizes large consignment of drugs at Lagos airport

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The National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) says its operatives have arrested a South African, Gebashe Sithandiwe Jessie, with 30 parcels of Thai Loud, a strain of cannabis, weighing 32.74 kilogrammes, at the Port Harcourt International Airport, Omagwa, Rivers State.

According to a statement issued on Sunday by the NDLEA Director of Media and Advocacy, Femi Babafemi, the drugs were concealed in two travelling bags.

The statement added that the suspect travelled from Thailand through Doha aboard Qatar Airways flight QR1431.

“She confessed to having previously trafficked through other African countries, and was expanding her route to Port Harcourt when she was caught.”

Similarly, NDLEA operatives at the import shed of the Murtala Muhammed International Airport, Ikeja, Lagos, intercepted a shipment of 354,000 tablets of Tapentadol 250mg weighing 307.20kg from Pakistan.

Babafemi said the consignment arrived aboard a Royal Air Maroc flight on September 29 and was placed under surveillance before a joint examination on Tuesday, October 6, uncovered the drugs in nine cartons.

In a separate operation at the Lagos airport, NDLEA officers intercepted 70 parcels of Colorado, a synthetic cannabinoid, weighing 75.90kg in six Ghana-Must-Go bags contained in a consolidated cargo from the United Kingdom.

The statement said the shipment was monitored after arriving on September 29.

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A clearing agent, John Edrah, 54, was arrested on September 30, while an Uber driver, Taofiq Ajibola, 54, was apprehended while collecting one of the bags at a logistics company in Mafoluku, Oshodi.

The agency said Adetunji Adebayo and Kazeem Damola Dosunmu, 48, a clothing trader, were subsequently arrested when they came to collect the remaining five bags.

According to Babafemi, Ajibola said the drugs were sent by a UK-based associate, Lukman Sa’idu, while Dosunmu claimed his consignment came from another UK-based man identified as Yusuf.

In Cross River State, NDLEA operatives arrested 46-year-old Adama Inuwa at Iyala Nkun village, Ikom Local Government Area, on Sunday, October 4, following surveillance.

Babafemi said the operation led to the recovery of 181 bags of cannabis sativa weighing 1,100kg and 17.15kg of cannabis seeds.

In Edo State, officers intercepted a black Toyota Camry conveying 1,049 blocks of compressed cannabis weighing 702.83kg at Otuo, Owan East Local Government Area, on Monday, October 5.

The agency said Monday Orji, 52; Monday Lawal, 40; and Precious Uduegele, 20, were arrested in connection with the seizure.

In a separate raid at Asoro, off Sakponba Road, Benin City, operatives arrested 26-year-old Ojugo Mercy with 989 grammes of Loud, 13 grammes of Colorado and 83 grammes of methamphetamine.

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In Ondo State, a 21-year-old suspect, Happy Endurance, was arrested at her hideout in the Shasha area of Akure on October 5, with 29 bags of cannabis weighing 290kg.

The statement added that a separate raid on an apartment at Oba-Ile, Akure, on the same day led to the arrest of 42-year-old Tunde Adebayo, with 35 bags of cannabis weighing 351kg.

In Taraba State, NDLEA operatives, supported by soldiers, arrested Abdulrasheed Mohamed, 31, and Abubakar Saidu, 37, at Chanchanji village, Wukari Local Government Area, on Friday, October 9.

Babafemi said the suspects were found with 166,200 tablets of tramadol 225mg weighing 107kg.

In Kano State, a stop-and-search operation along the Kano-Maiduguri Road on October 9 led to the arrest of 32-year-old Yahaya Musa with 24,990 capsules of tramadol, 50,000 tablets of diazepam and 22,000 tablets of Exol-5.

In Kaduna State, operatives on patrol along the Zaria-Kaduna Expressway arrested 29-year-old Mohammed Musa with 31 jumbo bags and 775 blocks of skunk weighing a combined 1,027kg.

The agency also arrested Musbau Balogun Adekunle in Orile, Lagos, on Tuesday, October 6, with 32.51kg of skunk and 52.65kg of cannabis seeds, bringing the total seizure to 85.16kg.

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In Plateau State, NDLEA operatives raided the residence of 45-year-old Christian Chukwudi Uju at Rukuba Road, Jos, on Thursday, October 8, recovering methamphetamine, firearms and ammunition.

According to the statement, the items seized included 47 grammes of methamphetamine, two pump-action rifles, one locally made gun, 199 live cartridges, five rounds of 7.62mm ammunition and one round of 9mm ammunition.

The agency said its War Against Drug Abuse sensitisation campaign also continued across the country, with lectures delivered to students and staff of schools in Oyo, Ebonyi, Niger, Kano, Lagos and Ogun states.

Among the institutions reached were Progressive Grammar School, Tede, Oyo State; Eghugo Technical College, Afikpo, Ebonyi State; Baptist High School, Lambata, Niger State; and Ipara Senior and Junior Community Secondary School, Badagry, Lagos State.

Commending officers involved in the operations, NDLEA Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Brig. Gen. Mohamed Buba Marwa (retd.), praised personnel of the Lagos, MMIA, PHIA, Taraba, Kano, Kaduna, Edo, Cross River, Ondo and Plateau Commands.

Babafemi said Marwa commended the officers “for their professionalism and intelligence-driven approach to the various successful operations” and urged them “to continue with the current balanced approach to the drug control efforts of the Agency.”

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NDLEA arrests 83-year-old ex-convict with Colorado, meth in Abia

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Operatives of the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency have rearrested an 83-year-old grandmother, Uloma Uchechi Sunday, with consignments of methamphetamine and Colorado.

The arrest comes barely a year after the grandmother was convicted of drug-related offences.

Uloma was first arrested on May 17, 2025, alongside her 32-year-old daughter, Chisom Uchechi, at the same residence.

This was disclosed in a statement issued on Sunday by the NDLEA Director of Media and Advocacy, Femi Babafemi.

According to Babafemi, the octogenarian was arrested on Wednesday, October 7, at her residence in Ite-Uzo, Umuaguma, Obingwa Local Government Area of Abia State, with the substances allegedly tied around her waist with a wrapper.

Her arrest followed credible intelligence indicating that she operated a notorious drug joint allegedly harbouring criminal elements terrorising the community.

During her first arrest in May, operatives recovered 50 grammes of methamphetamine, 522 grammes of skunk, 260 grammes of fresh cannabis leaves and 12 grammes of tramadol from the Uloma and her daughter.

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According to the statement, “Both pleaded guilty and were sentenced to 12 months’ imprisonment or a fine of N200,000 each. They paid the fine and were released by the court”

The NDLEA spokesman alleged that the elderly woman returned to the illicit drug trade after her release.

“Undeterred, the notorious old woman promptly returned to the criminal trade and escalated the scale by setting up a drug joint where she harbours dangerous characters,” the statement added.

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Varsity lecturer dies after sex romp  with prostitute in hotel room

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A senior lecturer at the Edo State-owned Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, identified as Dr. Matthew Uwuigbe, has repeatedly died in a hotel room after an alleged sexual encounter with a 21-year-old commercial sex worker, identified as Angela Defa Jacob.

The incident, according to a report by Punch online, happened on Sunday at a hotel in the Mosco area of Ekpoma, Esan West Local Government Area of Edo State.

It was gathered that the lecturer had checked into the hotel with the sex worker and died moments after the romp.

Spokesperson for the Edo State Police Command, Eno Ikoedem, who confirmed the incident, said three persons have been arrested in connection with the incident.

She said, “On October 5, 2026, at about 8 pm, the command received a report that Matthew Uwuigbe, a lecturer at Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, had lodged at a hotel in Ekpoma and engaged the services of a 21-year-old sex worker, Angela Defa Jacob.

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“He subsequently sent the woman to purchase water for him, and upon her return, she found him lying dead in the room.”

Ikoedem said the hotel owner, the manager and the sex worker are currently in custody while investigation continues. The corpse, she added, has been deposited at the Oriaifo Memorial Hospital mortuary.

The university’s Public Relations Officer, Otunba Mike Ade Aladenika, confirmed that Uwuigbe is a staff member of the institution, but said the incident occurred outside the campus.

“We are not denying that he is our staff, but whatever he did and what happened, it is his private life. The girl in question is not our student, and everything happened outside our institution,” he told the News outlet.

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